The Leadership Styles Matrix

Based on Historic Leaders

Author

Kevin Box
October 21, 2024

When I talk to managers, I get the feeling they’re important. When I talk to leaders, I get the feeling I am important.

Great leadership is about lifting others higher than they could climb on their own. Max DePree once said, “The first responsibility of a leader is to define reality. The last is to say thank you. In between, the leader is a servant.” This perfectly captures the heart of servant leadership, but there are many styles of leadership—each with its own strengths and impact on the people they lead.

In this Fuel Your Growth article, we explore 10 leadership styles through the lens of historic leaders who exemplified each style. Let’s dive in. - Challenge your limits!

1. Visionary Leader – George Washington

Inspires with a compelling vision for the future, leading change.

Example: George Washington had a vision of a united, free, and independent nation. As the first President of the United States, he not only led the nation through its early struggles but also inspired a vision of democracy that continues to shape America today.

2. Transactional Leader – Thomas Jefferson

Motivates through rewards and penalties, focusing on performance.

Example: As the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and third U.S. President, Thomas Jefferson promoted the concept of individual freedoms and property rights. His leadership style was transactional—he set clear objectives and emphasized efficiency in governance, such as the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the U.S.

3. Transformational Leader – John F. Kennedy

Transforms culture with inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration.

Example: John F. Kennedy’s leadership during the Space Race is a perfect example of transformational leadership. His famous speech, “We choose to go to the moon,” inspired a nation to pursue technological excellence, resulting in one of the greatest achievements in human history—landing on the moon.

4. Servant Leader – Martin Luther King Jr.

Prioritizes the community’s growth and well-being, putting others' needs first.

Example: Martin Luther King Jr. embodied servant leadership by putting the needs of the civil rights movement above his own. His peaceful activism not only aimed to end segregation but also sought to lift the entire African American community toward equality and dignity.

5. Autocratic Leader – Dwight D. Eisenhower

Makes decisions unilaterally, maintaining strict control.

Example: As Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces during World War II, Dwight D. Eisenhower made decisive, unilateral decisions in leading the D-Day invasion. His autocratic leadership was essential in managing the complexities of the war effort and ensuring victory.

6. Democratic Leader – Abraham Lincoln

Encourages participation and shared decision-making.

Example: Abraham Lincoln’s democratic leadership style was evident in his approach to governing during the Civil War. He valued input from his Cabinet, even those who disagreed with him, and sought consensus in critical decisions, such as the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed enslaved Americans.

7. Laissez-Faire Leader – Adam Smith

Provides minimal guidance, allowing group autonomy.

Example: Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, advocated for laissez-faire economics, which promotes minimal government intervention in markets. His leadership philosophy empowered individuals and businesses to operate freely, which he believed would lead to prosperity.

8. Situational Leader – Rosa Parks

Adapts style based on the situation or followers’ needs.

Example: Rosa Parks’ decision to refuse to give up her seat on a segregated bus was a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement. Her leadership adapted to the moment, becoming a symbol of resistance and sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a key event that shifted public opinion on segregation.

9. Charismatic Leader – Ronald Reagan

Inspires with personal charm and emotional connection.

Example: Ronald Reagan was known for his ability to connect emotionally with the American public, earning him the nickname “The Great Communicator.” His charisma helped him build strong emotional bonds with voters, fostering engagement and loyalty during his presidency.

10. Coaching Leader – Vince Lombardi

Focuses on team members’ development through guidance and feedback.

Example: Vince Lombardi, legendary coach of the Green Bay Packers, was known for his coaching leadership style. He developed his players not just in their skills, but also in their character, famously stating, “Leaders aren’t born, they are made.”

Weekly Growth Tip: What’s Your Leadership Style?

Reflect on which of these leadership styles resonates most with you. Start applying one principle from a historic leader to your daily leadership approach. Whether it’s servant leadership like Martin Luther King Jr. or transformational leadership like JFK, adopting elements from these styles can enhance your ability to lead and inspire others.

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